The article deals with Anglo-Russian relations in the era of the Civil War and the Protectorate. Although this issue has been repeatedly discussed in historiography, its “imaginological” aspect is studied insufficiently. Therefore, this aspect gets special attention in this study. The study attempts to trace the characteristics and evolution of the perception of England and the English in this period shared by Russian diplomats and the ruling elite. These issues are considered in their historical context, against the background of political and economic relations between England and Russia. The main conclusions are that, firstly, the Russian authorities were, in general, quite aware of what is happening in England, they showed sympathy and provided some support to the side of the royalists, but for pragmatic reasons, they were also in contact with the Protectorate. Secondly, the two English sides in the war are often interested in Russia — and they showed not only the traditional commercial interest (which suffered greatly during this period), but also the financial and political interest to the Russia.