The right of the defendant to examine his case by jury has a special constitutional and legal significance. Constitutional right of the defendant to examine his case by the court with jury is a particular criminal and procedural guarantee for the court protection of the every person right to life. Constitutional right of the citizens to participate in the process of justice as jurors is an organizational and legal guarantee for realization of defendant right to be examined by jury. Correlation of the defendant right to examine his case by court with jury and the right of the citizens to participate in the process of justice as jurors defines the essence of the jury.

Key words: jury, jurors, defendant rights, constitutional rights, human being and citizen rights.