In this research the author made an attempt to show some orientations and kinds of the Tomsk diocese#s activities in forming of the sanitary-hygienic culture of the peasantry at the end of 19th and at the beginning of 20th centuries. The most part of the research is devoted to the work of the arch-bishop, Makari (Nevsky), who, having worked at the chair for over 20 years (1891-1912), showed his worth in this field as an outstanding organizer and a missionary-ascetic. Owing to the work of these bishops, and as a result to the work of the whole diocese, the Russian Orthodox Church functioned to a great extent, as the main source of forming the peasantry#s sanitary-hygienic culture, thus, having taken the trouble of sanitary enlightenment, organization and rendering feasible medical aid and material security.