N.K. Karasyova
Domestic Industry of Kumanda People, Residents of Altai Mountains Area, at the End of the 19th century and in the Beginning of the 20th Century
The article is devoted to Kumanda People, one of the native national minority groups of Russia. The unique feature of Russia is in its being a multinational state both in the past and in the present time. Studying and information exchange of the life experiences of the preserved ethnic cultural dominant groups is still the most important object of scientific interest for the researchers and particularly because of the modern circumstances of the controversial development of minor ethnic groups of people.
Kumanda people, that is the people living in the Northern area of Altai, are the group of people residing in the Altai-Sayany mountain area, whose life style and culture has not been studied thoroughly enough. Meanwhile this is the ethnic group that draws clear interest on the scientific scale, since the culture that has been created is genuinely unique for letting the people survive in the severe weather conditions in the northern parts of the mountain area. Regarding the currently occurring environmental catastrophes and disasters the experience of the cultural adaptability of Kumanda People is truly invaluable.
Household duties have always played a crucial role in traditional culture of Kumanda People. The products made in the household was mainly consumed in the family. All indispensable things like clothes, utensils, boats, hunting/fishing stuff, ornaments, religious plate were made by Kumanda people in the families as part of their domestic production that took into account basic cultural values of the people.
In the beginning of the 20th century, domestic production of Kumanda people gradually grew into domestic craft industry, for the products were made not only for one#s own family use, but made to order too.
The article deals with the technologies used in the domestic industry of Kumanda people and namely of sheep skin and leather manufacture, weaving, household utensils manufacture with various woods, birch-tree bark used and wood-tar making procedure.