The article is devoted to the introduction to scientific use of the generalized data on the monuments of the Bronze Age and the transition time from bronze to iron on the territory of the Biysk-Katun interfluve. The research is made of the main stages in the history of archaeological cultures in the region and the formation of the archaeological collections of basic sites. It was found out that the monuments of the Bronze Age are mainly represented by the funerary complexes of the Andronov and Irmen cultures. Early Scythian time is reconstructed on the materials of the settlements. It has also been discovered that the objects with signs of fortifications were firstly recorded in Western Siberia on the territory of the Bijsk-Katun interfluves during the transition from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age. The bulk of the objects of archaeological heritage are concentrated in the valleys of the Katun and Biya rivers. The conclusion is made that the process taking place in the region in the ancient times are not unique for the Biisk-Katun interfluve, but also reflect the cultural genesis of the ancient population in the south of Western Siberia in general.