The problem of food security of the Russian Federation is becoming increasingly important, especially with the introduction of international economic sanctions against Russia and the state strategy of imported food substitution. In this regard, business planning at the food industry enterprises as the basis for making and evaluating the impact of certain management decisions on the further development of the enterprise in financially unsteady environment has become very important. The paper considers the theoretical and methodological aspects of the organization and functioning of business planning system. The paper provides a number of practical solutions for automated management information collecting and processing, considers the features of biotechnological production in the food industry, that affect the business planning. The author proposes controlling scheme (the set of development, analysis and monitoring of the business plan performance) at an enterprise. The importance of the business plan implementation for reducing the enterprise’s financial instability level is determined. Special attention is paid to the effectiveness of business planning as an organization management tool.