Analysis of social and political organization of early medieval nomads, including Kyrgyz, is one of the most important lines of research in the Turk studies and nomad studies. In the first decade after the establishment of Soviet power the research of the nomad people continued in line with the pre-revolutionary historiography. Since the late 1920s — early 1930s a final transition to formation theory in Stalin’s interpretation was realized, which influenced social and political reconstruction in nomad studies and historic science in general. However, it became clear that the nomads of early medieval period including Kyrgyz did not answer the classic characteristics of class societies in the framework of the slave or feudal formations. Despite this situation, it was not possible to use another methodological and ideological framework for research. It is significant that in 1920s — early 1960s, the paleosocial research of archaeological materials was rarely used. Even the works by S. V. Kiselev, L. A. Yevtukhova dedicated to social issues the first attempts of such interpretations of the mortuary rite most important signs were made. At the same time, the study of burial artifacts of the Kyrgyz, analysis of Chinese, runic and other written sources conducted in the Soviet time prepared the necessary basis for further study of social and political genesis of Kyrgyz and other Turkic nomads of Central Asia in the Middle Ages.