Based on the data of two-year instrumental observations made in hydrothermally contrasting years of 2012–2013, the article analyzes the soil moisture content in landscapes of the Kasmala River watershed (the Ob Plateau, Altai Krai) in July. The survey covers the main types of sites within the large structural-functional parts of the watershed, i.e. the Kulundinsky-Kasmalinsky, Kasmalinsky-Barnaulsky ridges and the Kasmala ancient river bed. The analysis shows interannual variability and space heterogeneity of soil moisture distribution and deposits of soil moisture in 1 m layer of soil. It was revealed that automorphic sites (crests of ridges and low ridges in the ancient river bed) are characterized by insignificant interannual fluctuation of soil moisture. Lower hydromorphic sites of landscapes are extremely sensitive to atmospheric moisture variation, and therefore soil moisture here is most changeable. Exposure factor plays a significant role in the formation of water regime of soils on the slopes. The northern and north-eastern slopes are characterized by the highest deposits of soil moisture.