In the given work rates of growth of Osset and Georgian population in the Gorijsky and the Dushet districts of the Tiflis and the Kutaisi provinces where all territory of South Ossetia was gone into are described. Total Osset and Georgian family lists dated to 1886, and the results of the First Russian census of population dated to 1897 are adduced. The analysis of demographic situation in South Ossetia during carrying out a peasant reform, a politics of imperial authorities and the Georgian princes with respect to Ossets evident in violent assimilation and resettlement Ossets in Georgian internal areas is shown.