The source base of the research consists of published and non-published archival documents. As a result of the research it was established that: at the beginning of the XVIIth century Bashkirs had to leave Steppe Trans-Volga area and resettled to the Ufa province as a result of the consolidation of the Kalmyks. There is a high probability to suppose that a part of Bashkirs recognized nominal power of Kalmyks to preserve their camps of nomads. Kalmyks in the person of taisha Daichin valued competitive spirit of Bashkirs and in most cases they got their mercenaries - vassals to take part in their military campaigns.