The subject of research in this article presents structure, number, system of subordination, funding, activity trends of Kolyvan-Voskresensky (Altai) mountain police and its related police and military formations such as: mountain Khazaks, mountain battalion №4 (after 1829 - Siberian battalion №12, 10). It is for the fist time that in historical literature these realias, pertaining to the 1820-1860s, are given such a detailed characteristic. They are considered in the context of more general problem - domination of military system of administration in the Altai mining-metallurgical industry of the country. Mountain police was an indespensible part of "military-mountain system" - a specific administrating model which combined both punitve and patronizing functions applied to the people who were engaged in the mining industry. Mountain police was also one of the ways to regulate social relations in the mining regions of Russia and to dissolve problems of production.