Goddess of fertility Umai as a universal female deity of Altai Turks acted as mistress of the mountains, patroness of hunters, wild animals, children and motherhood. They have recorded two species of the white and black goddes Umai, one gives life, while the other takes it. Among the eastern Turks Umai has an anthropomorphic face and on some indirect individual characteristics it can be assumed that it was a solar deity and had a bird’s appearance. In mythology, of Bashkir ancestors Humay a solar deity, virgin-Swan, daughter of the sun, ruler of the country’s birds and the wife of the hero-ancestor and father of Ural. Her sister Ayhylyu (Lunar Beauty) is daughter of the moon, a virgin-duck, the wife of Lord of the underwater world Shulgan. In Bashkir mythology they have preserved the most ancient images of female deities personifying the Sun and the Moon, going back even to the preshamanistic binary worldview.

Key words: Ural-Altaic mythology, Bashkir’s mythology, Bashkir’s epos, goddess.