Historiographical analysis of works devoted to the study of world outlook on Central Asian ancient nomads revealed that despite of a difficult and dramatic period of development of historical science in the USSR these problems in some degree attracted the attention of scientists. For the first time separate sections devoted to beliefs and ceremonies of nomads correlated with written and archaeological sources appear in scientific publications. At the same time, dominant in the domestic science Formational Marxist theory leaves its imprint on the study of spiritual culture. It is no coincidence. The nomadic societies of Central Asia were viewed primarily as military democracies, with all the features in the characteristics of religious ideas.

Key words: historiography, nomads, Central Asia, world outlook, reconstruction, methodology, ideology.