The article is devoted to the zemstvo system of public health in Kursk province in the period of transition which means activity of the local institutions in the earliest 15 years after consummation of the #Statute about the province and district (uyezd) local institutions#. It was the very period of starting the search of the optimal system of social medical aid organization.

The work of the province and district local doctors based on carrying out medical aid towards province-dwellers is represented by means of the facts.

The author established that public health service as facultative obligation of local institutions made an impact on their work in that field. So lack of remedies and medical institutions in the country was partially compensated with enthusiasm of medical personnel.

Province and district local authorities as independent managing services developed separately in the way of local medicine arrangement.