The article researches such direction of cultural and educational activity of the Cossack emigration of 1920s — 1930s as formation and development in the foreign land of the Cossack military colleges and military schools. The problem, chronological and comparative methods, anthropological approach allowed the authors to analyze the activity in emigration of the Atamansky Donsky and the Kuban general M.V. Alekseev of military colleges, two Don military schools. Studying this problem the authors have come to the following conclusions. First, the Cossack army atamans and the governments in incredibly difficult conditions of emigrant life managed to maintain training of the officers. Secondly, curricula and programs of military colleges and military schools allowed preserving Russian and Cossack, traditions, Russian, literature, culture of the Homeland. As the result, Russian emigrants did not assimilate to the foreign-language environment. Thirdly, graduates of schools and cases received practical working skills, learned languages of the country of residence that allowed them to adapt to life and to earn money in Bulgaria and Yugoslavia, to enter higher educational institutions, including Yugoslavian military academy and to serve as officers in the Yugoslavian army.