The article deals with the problem of the proper conduct of the victims of the crime associated with the fulfillment of their criminal-procedural duties. The authors substantiate the identity of the responsibilities of such actors in the criminal process as a victim and private prosecutor. The list is given of criminal-procedural duties of the victim (private prosecutor) resulted from the system analysis of provisions of the criminal procedure legislation of the Russian Federation. The emphasis is made on the influence on the victims’ proper conduct of the special legal environment, arising from the initiation, examination and investigation of the criminal case. The paper reveals factual base affecting the procedure — conscious behavior of the victims during the fulfillment of their criminal-procedural duties. The article substantiates the relationship of internal and external factors that form a complex structurally-integrated system determinate the victims’ behavior and determinants the content of incentive and procedural conduct of the victim while carrying out their criminal-procedural duties.