This article examines the process of modernization of the forest industry of the Russian Empire to improve forest management and forest protection in the ‘30s and ‘60s of the 19th century. The Formation of the Ministry of State Property in 1837 significantly changed the management principles of the forest industry. A reverse process of management centralization of various forest types in the hands of one agency started, and its powers were extended. The Ministry of State Property and Forest Department were tasked with increasing the profitability of the state forestry. Minister, Count P.D. Kiselev played a major role in reforming the managing system of state property, including forests. To optimize the forest management system the Corps of Foresters was established; it was based on military discipline and subordination. The paramilitary status of the Corps of Foresters remained until 1867. Serving in the Corps of Foresters in the reporting period was equal to the military service, and the foresters acquired all the rights and duties of military personnel.