Тhis paper deals with structural mechanisms of gallstone destruction influenced by different solvents. Changes in microstructure of gallstones under external influence are investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The proposed technique includes preparation of thin sections and further analysis of solvent effects on several structural areas of the section. These areas differ substantially in phase and elemental composition for different types of gallstones and different sections of gallstones due to structural heterogeneity and different conditions of gallstones formation and growth. The following substances are used as solvents for gallstones: chloroform, diethyl ether, eucalyptus oil, methyltetra- butyl ether, and еthanol. The effect of these solvents on the most common types of gallstones, i.e. cholesterol and mixed type gallstones with crystalline and amorphous areas in their structures, is investigated. It is shown that the destruction mechanism is different for different structural elements of gallstones. The solvents used in this study have differences in the mechanisms of dissolution. Namely, diethyl ether generally dissolves crystalline cholesterol while eucalyptus oil and еthanol dissolve an amorphous component of gallstones. Obtained results can be utilized for further development of new and prospective non-surgical methods of gallstone destruction. They can also be used to predict the results of specific solvent effects on particular gallstones.