The article analyzes the materials of Russian mission of G.S. Dokhturov to England (1645–1646). These materials are a valuable source for the so-called historical imagology and allow reconstructing the image of England and the English in this period in the eyes of the representatives of a different culture and different political traditions. In general, according to the researched sources, Russian witnesses had a very favorable image of England. Despite the harsh times of the Civil War, it seemed to them a splendid rich country with high culture. The English seemed polite and educated people. This view of England is also reflected in some other Russian sources of the time, not related to the materials of Dokhturov’s misson. The popularity of the positive trend in the perception of Western culture among many intellectual Russians is associated with a “Westernization” of Russian culture which took place long before Peter the Great. Russian culture, as a part of European culture, already had numerous points of contact with other European cultures. The closer acquaintance with the advanced West European culture caused many Russians ever greater sympathy and a certain desire to imitate.