The article studies healthcare support for students’ construction brigades (SCB) in the Buryat Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the first years of the movement (1966–1971). The goal of the research was to reveal the peculiarities of the development of the medical service provided by the territorial headquarters of the students’ construction brigades, to determine their functions and structure. Using the archival materials, the author studies the healthcare component of the SCB’s activities. The article states the numbers of students with reference to their social status who worked during summer; studies their living conditions, duties of doctors in brigades, quality of food; analyzes the causes of injuries and sicknesses. The article outlines the role of the Republic’s Committee of the Communist Party, Ministry of Health, and territorial headquarters of SCB in providing medical services for students’ brigades. The author makes the conclusion that the overall efforts in this direction under the supervision of the Republic’s authorities contributed to students’ health protection, their high productivity and, in general, implementation of the production plans for a summer labour period.