The article presents the analysis of the practices of the interaction of migrants with the local rural population on the basis of results of expert survey of heads of rural municipalities of Altai Krai, and narrative interviews with migrant workers that were held in 2014. We characterized distribution and scale of labor migration, settlement patterns, and features of composition and organizational forms of their employment. The description is given to the he role and exchange practices of interaction between migrants and local villagers. Consideration is given to the problems of adaptation of labor migrants, the interaction of the interests of migrants and the local rural population and the impact of labor migration on the socio-economic development of the rural areas. The article comes up with the causes of disunity between temporary and seasonal migrants and local rural communities. Based on the case study, description is made of two models of socio-economic interaction between migrants and local residents in the agricultural sector in Aleisky and Tretyakovsky areas. The directions of improvement of the state policy on optimization the interaction of migrants with the local villagers were identified.