The article assesses the efficiency of state regulation of the interethnic relations in Altai territory, analyses of key indicators of interethnic interaction and presents the results of research of the interethnic relations in Altai territory conducted by means of questioning the population and interviewing heads (deputy heads) of the public national and cultural organizations and associations operating in Altai territory. The substantial analysis of the standard and legal documents regulating national policy in the Russian Federation allows defining the main mechanisms of state regulation in the field. The expert survey and questioning of the population in the region made it possible to assess the efficiency of activities of public authorities in realization of the policy directed at harmonization of the interethnic relations. On the basis of expert assessments, the conclusion is drawn on structural interaction of public authorities and institutes of civil society in the sphere of development of interethnic interaction and providing international peace and harmony in the region.