The article is devoted to the complex and insufficiently researched events connected with increased rivalry of the Soviet Union and the great powers in the largest province of China that is Xinjiang, in the1930s. That province occupying a very important strategic position in the region also had the richest deposits of mineral resources. Those circumstances as well as a number of other objective and subjective factors resulted in growing interest of England, Japan and USA to Xinjiang. That interest lead to increased rivalry of the great powers accompanied by national liberation movement of indigenous peoples of the province against the Chinese administration. The newspapers of the countries - participants of that fight - gave a wide coverage of the struggle. It was the newspapers that in the aforesaid period were the most accessible kind of mass media. Having analyzed publications of the Soviet, Chinese, English, Japanese, and Turkish press the author shows how sharp and uncompromising was the struggle for establishing economic and political dominance in one of the richest and strategically important areas of Central Asia. Most sources referred to in the article, have been used in research for the first time.