The article is devoted to the analysis of ancient Israel foreign policy in the reigns of kings David and Solomon. The basic data of foreign policy of ancient Israel kings are biblical narratives (1, 2, 3 Kings and 1, 2 Chronicles). Additional understanding of some aspects of this policy can be received from the studies of material culture of Israel such as fortification constructions, in particular, city walls and gates. King David’s foreign policy was of military nature. At the beginning of his reign he conducted defensive wars. He had a goal to eliminate the Philistine hegemony in Palestine that had disturbed Israel since XI BC. After that David’s wars acquired aggressive nature. David managed to unite the north and south of his country, to get huge material and human resources and to bring under his control almost all peoples of Palestine. During of the king Solomon’s reign the emphasis was laid on commercial relations with neighboring countries. The basic commercial purpose during Solomon’s reign was the exchange of surplus goods with trade partners. In the second half of Solomon’s reign international situation of his state got worse because Sheshonk I came to power in Egypt. The latter had the goal to destroy ancient Israel and expand the Egyptian influence to the entire territory of Palestine.