The article based on study of archival and documentary materials reveals the main stages of health-related development activities in the evacuation hospitals of Altai Krai in 1941–1945. The formation and development of the hospital network in Altai Krai and the wounded and sick soldiers admitted for treatment in the evacuation hospital specialization and contingent is shown. The basic methods of treatment and rehabilitation of soldiers are described. The main approaches to residency training and development of doctors of evacuation hospitals are analyzed. The contribution of evacuation hospitals medical professionals into research and innovation activity aimed at searching of the most effective methods of treating and after rehabilitating the wounded and sick soldiers is shown. The problems of treatment and rehabilitation activities of evacuation hospitals as well as local authorities efforts to solve them are revealed. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of organizations and institutes of the Altai Krai manufacturing medicines and care stuff for the wounded soldiers using local resources. The article may be of value to healthcare officials, historians and area studies specialists, studying military medicine, and the Altai Krai history during the Great Patriotic War, and general public interested in this subject.