This article is devoted to the study of soil fertility parameters and their influence on the productivity of cereals (spring wheat, oats, barley). The optimal values оf the parameters in terms of soil fertility to maximize the productivity of major cereals cultivated in the study region. Also set parameters according to the relationship of soil fertility and the studied crops. Determined share of influence of each parameter on the productivity of the soil fertility study cultures. The studies found that all the studied parameters of fertility have significant effects on the productivity of the studied crops. The greatest influence the content of humus in the soil, as evidenced by the highest rate of information transmission efficiency (for spring wheat he was — 0,3902, oats — 0,3295, barley — 0,5932, respectively), calculated using the information logical analysis. This is evidence that the bulk of the plants receive nutrients through soil organic matter mineralization. The reason for this is the lack of the amount of applied organic and mineral fertilizers. In spite of this, it should be noted that the information content (T, bit) and the effectiveness of the communication channel (K) grain yields from the parameters of fertility is high. The magnitude of the coefficient of efficiency of the communication channel, these dependencies can be arranged in the following order: spring wheat T > N/NO3 > P2O5 > K2O > M, ie spring wheat is largely determined by the humus content (T), then nitrate nitrogen (N/NO3), mobile phosphorus (P2O5), exchangeable potassium (K2O) and humus horizon (M) for oats T > P2O5 > M > N/NO3 > K2O; barley T > M > N/NO3 > P2O5 > K2O. Such an effect on fertility parameters crop yields due to their biological characteristics.