The main periods of the vegetation study in Altai Krai in particular concerning the fallow investigations are characterized in the article. According to the geobotanic view a fallow is a nature ecosystem which some time ago (more than one year before) was used for agricultural planting, but was abandon, and now the process of nature ecosystem recovering is taking place through the natural succession or artificial improving. The investigation of the fallow communities was the object of many scientists, but the special research on current condition of fallow vegetation in Altai Krai hasn’t been made before. The information on history of flora investigation, species diversity, stages of recovering, speed of plant community successions in Altai Krai is given in the article. The area of the abandon lands that was leaving during the last hundred years was given after the D.I. Ljurin et al. (2010) and compared with data from over agrarian regions of Russia.