The article deals with «The Atheists Union» in training of propagandists, in the publication of popular scientific literature and periodicals, in the organization of museums and exhibitions, in formation of scientific and atheistic world outlook. In particular, the activity of the Ural Regional Museum supported by «The union of militant atheists» in the1929s and1930s, «Ural Atheist» radio news broadcast are highlighted. The article analyzes results and the «Union» activity for the future of the Orthodox religion and church in the Urals region. Typical shortcomings of its activity, such as the prevalence of administrative methods of work instead of propaganda are noted. The special attention is paid to activization to anti-religious work at school, to building a negative attitude of pioneers to religion and church. To overcome the influence of religious holidays on children, the time of winter vacations was transferred to the so- called Lenin days (the last decade of January). For the first time autumn vacations were introduced, the teachers tightened control of pupils school attendance on the days of religious holidays as they were not recognized as days off or public holidays. The author has drawn a conclusion that «The Atheists Union», as well as all atheistic work of the Soviet state, did not manage to undermine influence of the Orthodox Church in the country.