Sociological study on problems of social security of regional societies requires the use of the concept considering all diversity of its manifestations. This article discusses one of the most topical problems of our time — terrorism. In present-day international and Russian conditions problems of terrorism are of a growing importance. Thus not only prompt antiterrorist actions become urgent, but also research into the causes of this phenomenon, working-out of sociologically based recommendations on how to prevent terrorism. However, we have to admit the fact that sociology has neither a scientifically adjusted definition of terrorism, nor a clearly stated definition of the essence of this social phenomenon and all forms of its manifestation. The consideration of this problem will give a chance to understand better the essence of terrorism, thereafter to improve the efficiency of the countercheck of terroristic threats.The following article formulates some problems that are essential for the development of sociological research of terroristic and anti-terroristic activity in today’s Russia. The results of selective public opinion poll are presented.