Deformation and fracture of brittle anisotropic materials and designs from them is modelled at impact and pulse loadings. High-velocity interaction of steel striker with anisotropic barriers with the velocity up to 2000m/sec, pulse comprehensive compression of an anisotropic sphere and fracture of the filled shell imitating the rocket engine on solid fuel, on the rigid base is considered. Comparison with available experimental data is carried out. Influence of anisotropy on stress-strain condition, shock-wave processes and material fracture is investigated. Numerical modeling is carried out by a method of final elements in three-dimensional statement within phenomenological approach of mechanics of the continuous environment. The behavior of an anisotropic material is described by the elastic-fragile model considering distinctions in strength of an anisotropic material at compression and a tension, for the description of behavior of the steel striker the elasticplastic model is used.