Creatively using ancient Slavonic bases and cultural elements inherent in the other nations Old Believers in Altai and Zabaikalye made their own traditional costume with unforgettable elements of clothes which marked their culture by unique artistic image peculiar only to these cultural groups of the country’s population. Through centuries Old Believers studied decoration and harmony in composition. As a result the costume includes information about its owner, Russian spirit and culture.

Key words: national culture, costume, Old Believers, typology of costume, decoration.