In the article the author examines the role of Russian regions in guaranteeing national security. Our country has unique geographical location and regional variety. Thus the efficient consideration of regional characteristics makes Russian national strategy more versatile, especially in the conditions of today's economic crisis. The author draws the conclusion that Russia must pursue the policy, which not only adequately and in time reacts on international processes, but also effectively solves the internal problems and guarantees the sustainable development and stable functioning of Russian regions in the system of national security.