Difficulties of formation of the Soviet system state securities in regions are analyzed. Using archival sources, the author opens structure, personnel structure, methods of work extreme the commissions and political bureaus in 1917-1922. Process is examined formations of a secret-service network and the forms of work with it. It is emphasized, that gradually, the special kind of functioning in due course began to develop corresponding bodies, characteristic for the USSR, - symbiosis of the government bodies and special services.