In at article results of an estimation of influence on physical development, intellectual serviceability and a metabolism of children are submitted during adaptation to school of such socially determined factors of environment, as completeness, number of children in family, material maintenance and well-being of family. It is shown, that on intellectual serviceability of children essential influence is rendered with completeness and incomes of family. At children from full and average rich families intellectual serviceability authentically is higher, than at children from incomplete families and families with incomes below the average level.