Having received theoretical interpretation and practical spreading in postindustrial countries, the insurance of professional liability has become the integral factor of stability in social and economic processes and the standard of professional activities of qualified specialists. Being in correspondence with global tendencies on the whole the evolution of such kind of insurance in Russia is accompanied by a number of internal problems and peculiarities among which is the legal regulation of contract relationships between insurers and insured performed on the basis of insurance rules. Various terms that determine the behavior of such kind of insurance for insurer, insured and beneficiary as well as some basic moments laid on its basis are being analyzed in the article.