Homophony and homography of Russian are in clause analyzed as the phenomenon with a wide range of speech functioning. In turn this range expands structural borders of the given phenomens. The wide interpretation of homophony and homography are based on a subjective nature of interpretation of the written down and readable texts during their perception (recognition) and understanding. For this reason Russian hornophony and homography represent convenient test range for research of various problems of perception (recognition), identification and understanding of the text. In clause the illustration of such research opportunities Russian homophony and homography are carried out.