Spontaneous activity of a text manifests itself in its ability to structure itself as well as its environment. The authors of the article reveal two kinds of spontaneous activity of a text - endogenous and exogenous activities. This allows to separate the problems of a text's ontology from those of its environment. Entering its environment a text goes through a number of subsequent modifications which are conditioned by the material structure of the text. The article offers theoretical grounds for development of procedures for juxtaposition of the data resulted from linguistic analysis of texts according to different methods and for their interpretations.